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Q how is titanium obtained
RoseDolly
RosalindTracy Release Time: July 15, 2024, 12:34 PM
Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, constituting about 0.6% of its mass. This makes it more common than elements like copper and zinc. Titanium is never found in its pure form in nature; it’s always bonded with other elements, mainly in minerals such as ilmenite and rutile. Despite its abundance, the process to extract and refine titanium metal is complex and costly, which affects its availability and price on the market. The metal’s excellent strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility make it highly valuable for aerospace, medical implants, and high-performance sports equipment. Its widespread use in various industries is limited by the difficulty and cost of extraction and refinement, but research into more efficient production methods could increase its accessibility.
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Q structure of titanium dioxide films
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EdithSusan Release Time: March 21, 2024, 10:15 PM
In essence. Titanium dioxide films consist of a layer deposited on a suitable substrate. They can take on three crystal forms: rutile. anatase. and plagioclase. The anatase and rutile structures are the most commonly found in thin films due to their unique properties. Rutile is the most stable form at high temperatures and atmospheric pressure. featuring a square crystal structure with titanium atoms situated at the center of oxygen atom octahedrons that share two edges in a chain formation. On the other hand. in anatase structures. titanium atoms also reside at the center of oxygen atom octahedrons but they are connected through four edges. creating a three-dimensional network. Anatase has a lower structural density than rutile but both exhibit high refractive indices. dielectric constants. and thermal stability. Additionally. these structures possess unique photochemical properties that make them ideal for various applications ranging from photocatalysis to solar cells and sensors. B...
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Q how is titanium dioxide produced
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LouiseFox Release Time: March 15, 2024, 6:12 PM
The primary method of producing titanium dioxide involves the sulfate or chlorination process. In the sulfate process. a combination of titanic or titanium slag and sulfuric acid results in titanium sulfate. The subsequent steps include hydrolysis. precipitation. and calcination. Alternatively. in the chlorination process. pure rutile known as the base form of titanium dioxide is chlorinated in carbon to create liquid titanium tetrachloride. which is then subject to high temperatures for oxidation. Regardless of the chosen process. multiple refining stages are necessary to obtain a flawless white pigment used extensively in products such as paints and sunscreens.
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Q what temperature does titanium melt
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AsaEmma Release Time: March 13, 2024, 6:21 PM
The melting point of titanium is about 1668 degrees Celsius or 3034 degrees Fahrenheit.
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