MeganBecky
Industry info Wiki Q&A
Q how amny amino acids are there
YeddaUlysses
MeganBecky Release Time: August 18, 2024, 4:31 AM
There are 20 standard amino acids encoded by the universal genetic code, which are fundamental to the biosynthesis of proteins essential for cellular function and growth in living organisms. These include both essential amino acids, which cannot be synthesized de novo by the organism and must be obtained from the diet, and nonessential amino acids, which the body can produce. In addition to these, there are also several nonstandard amino acids not coded by DNA but are modified after protein synthesis or found in certain organisms. These nonstandard amino acids play specialized roles. For instance, selenocysteine is recognized as the 21st amino acid, incorporated into proteins via a unique mechanism, and pyrrolysine is considered the 22nd, found in some archaea and bacteria. Thus, while the basic set comprises 20 amino acids, the diversity expands with these special cases.
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Q have you ever heard of nylon polymer
WalterLawrence
MeganBecky Release Time: August 11, 2024, 8:00 PM
Yes, I have indeed heard of nylon polymer. Nylon is a type of synthetic polyamide, first developed by Wallace Carothers at DuPont in the 1930s. It was initially intended as a replacement for silk and quickly gained popularity due to its strength and durability. Nylon can be used to create fibers for textiles like clothing and carpets, as well as molded products such as gears and fasteners. Its versatility lies in its ability to withstand high temperatures and resist wear and tear. Today, nylon continues to be widely utilized across various industries, including fashion, automotive, and manufacturing. Given its environmental impact, researchers are also exploring more sustainable ways to produce and recycle nylon.
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Q what types of polymer are machinable
SusanKit
MeganBecky Release Time: August 1, 2024, 3:37 PM
Machinable polymers are materials designed for easy shaping with traditional machining tools, like milling, turning, or drilling. Major types include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), known for its low friction; polyoxymethylene (POM) or Acetal, valued for its high strength and stiffness; nylon, recognized for its toughness and wear resistance; polyethylene (PE), known for its chemical resistance and toughness; ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), which offers exceptional impact strength and is often used in wear-resistant applications; and polypropylene (PP), which is lightweight and has excellent chemical resistance. Each polymer has unique properties that make it suitable for specific applications where precision and material characteristics such as resistance to wear, impact resistance, and dimensional stability are crucial.
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Q how many atp are produced from amino acids
MeganBecky
BblytheAdam Release Time: July 30, 2024, 3:44 AM
The ATP yield from amino acids varies significantly due to the diverse pathways they enter in metabolism. When amino acids are deaminated, their carbon skeletons can be converted into intermediates of the citric acid cycle, which produces ATP. Specifically, depending on the type and entry point, amino acids can lead to different yields. For example, glutamate and aspartate can directly contribute to the cycle, potentially generating a total of approximately 15 ATP per molecule when fully oxidized, considering the entire process including the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. However, this is a simplified estimation as the exact number can vary based on the specific amino acid and the efficiency of cellular processes. It’s also crucial to note that some amino acids are ketogenic, being converted into ketone bodies instead, and the ATP yield from these processes would differ. Therefore, a precise universal ATP yield for all amino acids does not exist because i...
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Q what are examples of amino acid derivatives
MeganBecky
JenniferReed Release Time: July 28, 2024, 1:16 PM
Amino acid derivatives are compounds obtained through structural modifications of amino acids. Examples include neurotransmitters like Serotonin, synthesized from tryptophan, and Dopamine, derived from tyrosine. These derivatives play critical roles in physiological functions such as mood regulation, sleep, and cognitive processes. Another important class includes Thyroxine, a thyroid hormone synthesized from tyrosine, crucial for metabolic regulation. In addition, Nitric Oxide, a signaling molecule involved in various biological processes, is derived from arginine. These derivatives underscore the versatile roles of amino acids beyond protein synthesis, highlighting their importance in neurochemistry, metabolism, and cellular signaling.
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Q how to find amino acids in gene mark
SimonaMilton
MeganBecky Release Time: July 28, 2024, 6:27 AM
To find amino acids in genes using GeneMark, first, understand that GeneMark is a gene prediction tool that identifies genes and their structures in a genome sequence. Once you’ve input your DNA sequence into GeneMark, the software will output predicted gene locations. Each gene prediction includes coding regions (exons) which are translated into amino acids. To find these amino acids, locate the predicted coding sequences (CDS) within the output. These sequences are typically presented in nucleotide form. Use a translation tool or table to convert these nucleotide sequences (the codons) into amino acids. Many bioinformatics tools and websites offer this functionality, where you can input the nucleotide sequence to retrieve the corresponding amino acid chain, representing the protein encoded by the gene. Bear in mind, accuracy in finding the correct amino acids depends on the reliability of the gene prediction and the chosen translation table, as organisms may have variations in ...
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Q how does woven polyethylene compared to canvas
MeganBecky
NancyPolly Release Time: July 24, 2024, 2:12 PM
Woven polyethylene and canvas are both popular materials used for a wide range of applications, from tarps to bags and shelter covers. Woven polyethylene is a plastic-based material known for its lightweight, waterproof, and durable characteristics. It resists mold, mildew, and is generally less expensive than canvas. On the other hand, canvas, traditionally made from cotton or linen, offers a more natural look and feel. It’s robust, breathable, and environmentally friendly but requires treatment to become water-resistant. While canvas can be more aesthetically pleasing and is preferred for applications where appearance matters, woven polyethylene is often chosen for its practicality in outdoor and industrial settings due to its resistance to the elements and lower cost.
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Q how to write common names for polymers
EarthaOwen
MeganBecky Release Time: July 22, 2024, 10:50 AM
Writing common names for polymers involves a blend of traditional naming patterns and the practical uses or sources of the polymers. Often, common names are derived from the type of monomers involved. For instance, polyethylene is named for its ethylene monomers. Polymers with specific applications or properties might also get names reflecting their use or feature, like Plexiglass for polymethyl methacrylate, which highlights its glass-like clarity. Additionally, common names sometimes stem from historical or brand names; Nylon, for instance, is a brand name that became synonymous with the family of polyamides of similar structure. To effectively name polymers, focus on the monomer type, the application, or notable properties, and be aware of any historical or commercial names that have become de facto standards.
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