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Polypropylene, a versatile plastic polymer, is also known by various synonyms that reflect its chemical structure and properties. Commonly, it is referred to as PP for short. Scientifically, it is known as polypropene, highlighting its propylene monomer base. Another term, poly(1-methylethylene), mirrors its molecular configuration, emphasizing the chemical makeup that contributes to its characteristics such as toughness and resistance to various chemical solvents, bases, and acids. In the commercial and industrial spheres, it might also be referenced by brand names or trade names, depending on the manufacturer and the specific type or grade of polypropylene being utilized. However, these names can vary widely and are often proprietary to the companies that produce them.
Polyethylene, the most common plastic, is a polymer made from ethylene monomers (CH2=CH2). Its structure is characterized by long chains of carbon atoms, with two hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon. These chains can vary in length and branching, directly influencing the density and properties of the material. Linear polyethylene, with few side branches, tends to have high strength and density, while branched polyethylene is lower in density and strength. The arrangement of these molecular chains is responsible for polyethylene's characteristics, such as its flexibility, durability, and resistance to moisture. Different processing methods can further modify its properties, making polyethylene incredibly versatile for applications ranging from plastic bags to bulletproof vests.
Proteins are composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, a special type of covalent bond. Formed during a condensation reaction, a peptide bond results when the carboxyl group (COOH) of one amino acid reacts with the amino group (NH2) of another, releasing a molecule of water (H2O) and creating a covalent linkage. This process is repeated, creating a polypeptide chain that folds into a specific three-dimensional structure essential for the protein's function. The sequence and number of amino acids determine the unique characteristics of each protein, enabling a wide variety of functions within living organisms, from catalyzing metabolic reactions with enzymes to providing structural support in tissues.
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