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Q
which amino acid identifies biological
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3 is too short. don't waste resources
Amino acids polymers, more commonly known as proteins, are vital biological macromolecules that perform an extensive range of functions within living organisms. Amino acids are the building blocks of these polymers, connected via peptide bonds. Each amino acid contains a central carbon atom linked to four groups: a carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain (R group). There are twenty different standard amino acids with distinct R groups, which confer unique chemical properties. These properties influence how amino acids interact, dictating the protein's final three-dimensional structure and function. Proteins are involved in almost all cellular processes, including catalyzing metabolic reactions (enzymes), providing structural support, facilitating cell signaling, and defending against pathogens.
The enzyme responsible for converting peptides into amino acids is peptidase, also known as a protease or proteinase. Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, and the process of breaking these bonds to release individual amino acids is called proteolysis. Peptidases play a crucial role in various biological processes, including digestion, where they help break down dietary proteins into absorbable amino acids. In the human digestive system, several peptidases are involved, such as carboxypeptidases, dipeptidases, and aminopeptidases. Carboxypeptidases remove amino acids from the C-terminal end of a peptide chain, while aminopeptidases remove amino acids from the N-terminal end. Dipeptidases, on the other hand, break down dipeptides into individual amino acids. These enzymes work synergistically to ensure efficient protein digestion and absorption of essential amino acids.
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