Q
what do all the amino acids have in common
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All amino acids share a basic structural configuration consisting of a central carbon atom (alpha carbon), bonded to an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a distinctive side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. This fundamental structure is crucial for protein formation, as the amino group of one amino acid can bond with the carboxyl group of another to form a peptide bond, creating polypeptides and eventually proteins. The variation in the side chain (R group) among the different amino acids determines the unique characteristics and functions of the resulting proteins. Despite this diversity, the core structure of an alpha carbon connected to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variably substituent side chain is universal across all amino acids, making it the foundational framework for protein synthesis and numerous biological functions.
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