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what is the meaning of amino acid activation
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Amino acid activation is a crucial step in the process of protein synthesis, where amino acids are prepared for incorporation into a protein chain. This process involves attaching an amino acid to its corresponding tRNA (transfer RNA) molecule, a step facilitated by enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Each amino acid has its specific synthetase. During activation, the amino acid is first bonded to AMP (adenosine monophosphate), forming an aminoacyl-AMP complex, a reaction that consumes ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Subsequently, the activated amino acid is transferred from the AMP to the 3' end of the tRNA, now termed charged or aminoacyl-tRNA, ready to be used during the mRNA-directed synthesis of a protein at the ribosome. This process ensures the correct placement of amino acids in the protein chain, crucial for the protein's function.
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