Q
what is the backbone of an amino acid
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The backbone of an amino acid is the part that forms its fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom (Cα), an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and a hydrogen atom. This central carbon atom is also covalently bonded to a side chain (R group) that varies among different amino acids, giving each its unique properties. The backbone is crucial because it maintains the linear sequence of amino acids in proteins, allowing for the precise folding into specific three-dimensional structures required for biological function. Additionally, the repetitive sequence of the N-Cα-C backbone along a polypeptide chain facilitates the formation of peptide bonds during protein synthesis, demonstrating its pivotal role in the structural and functional integrity of proteins.
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