Q
what are the five classes of amino acids
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Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, are categorized based on the characteristics of their side chains. They fall into five main classes: nonpolar, polar uncharged, acidic, basic, and aromatic. Nonpolar amino acids have hydrophobic side chains which are not attracted to water. Examples include leucine and glycine, ideal for the protein interior. Polar uncharged amino acids, like serine and threonine, have side chains that form hydrogen bonds with water, making them surface-friendly. Acidic amino acids, such as glutamate and aspartate, have side chains that lose a proton and become negatively charged at physiological pH. Basic amino acids, like lysine and arginine, possess side chains that accept a proton, gaining a positive charge. Finally, aromatic amino acids, including phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, contain a distinctive aromatic ring, contributing to protein structure and function through interactions like stacking. The diversity in amino acid properties is crucial for the varied structure and function of proteins.
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