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Acetic anhydride reacts with amino acids primarily through the acetylation of their amine groups, transforming the -NH2 group into an acetamide (-NHCOCH3). This reaction is more pronounced in amino acids with free amine groups, such as lysine, at the alpha position or on the side chain. The reaction can also occur with the hydroxyl groups present in the side chains of serine, threonine, and tyrosine, forming esters. Acetic anhydride is widely used in protein chemistry and biochemistry for modifying amino acids to study enzyme active sites, protein-protein interactions, and protein structure.
No, DEHP-free does not automatically mean PVC-free. DEHP (Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) is a plasticizer used to make PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) soft and flexible. Products labeled as DEHP-free have replaced DEHP with other plasticizers, but they can still be made of PVC. This distinction is important for those concerned with environmental and health impacts, as both PVC and certain plasticizers are subjects of scrutiny. When seeking products without any PVC content, look specifically for "PVC-free" labels, not just "DEHP-free."
Polymers do degrade over time, influenced by factors such as exposure to sunlight (UV light), oxygen, heat, chemicals, and mechanical stress. Degradation results from the breaking of the polymer chains into smaller molecules, leading to changes in properties such as strength, flexibility, and color. Biodegradable polymers are designed to break down more rapidly in the environment, through the action of microorganisms, water, and naturally occurring enzymes. Conversely, non-biodegradable polymers can persist for hundreds of years, contributing to environmental pollution. To mitigate degradation and extend the life of polymer products, stabilizers and antioxidants are often added during manufacturing.
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