Bitumen emulsion is a blend of bitumen and water with emulsifying agents, creating a stable liquid product used primarily in road construction and maintenance. Its primary use includes surface dressing, which helps protect roads and improve grip, patching of potholes, and as a binder in asphalt mix for road pavements. The emulsion's water content allows for easier application at lower temperatures, making it more environmentally friendly compared to hot bitumen. Additionally, the evaporation of water from the emulsion means that it can set and cure without heating, reducing energy use. Bitumen emulsions are also utilized in waterproofing and sealing practices to protect buildings and other structures from moisture.

Blue ink stains are not always permanent, but their permanence depends on several factors like the fabric type, the ink composition, and how long the stain has been set. Some inks, especially those that are water-based, are easier to remove than oil-based or gel inks. Prompt treatment is key to successfully removing blue ink stains. Pre-treating the stain with a solvent like rubbing alcohol or using a specialized stain remover before washing can significantly improve the chances of removing the stain. However, delicate fabrics may require professional cleaning to avoid damage. Always test a cleaning solution on a small, inconspicuous area first.

PVC-wrapped pilings are an effective method for preventing marine borer damage, a common issue for wooden structures in marine environments. Marine borers, such as shipworms and gribbles, are organisms that drill into wood, compromising its structural integrity. The PVC wrapping serves as a physical barrier, preventing these organisms from coming into direct contact with the wood. The wrap is tightly sealed around the piling, blocking entry points for these borers. This method not only extends the lifespan of the pilings but also maintains their strength over time, making it a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution compared to treating wood with harmful chemicals. By avoiding chemical treatments, PVC wrapping also helps in preserving marine ecosystems.