Q
how do amino acids across the cell membrane
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Amino acids cross the cell membrane primarily through transporter proteins due to the membrane's hydrophobic nature, which prevents free passage of these polar or charged molecules. Several transport mechanisms are involved, including facilitated diffusion and active transport. In facilitated diffusion, amino acids bind to specific transporter proteins that change shape to move them across the membrane without the expenditure of energy. Active transport, on the other hand, involves transporters that require ATP to move amino acids against their concentration gradient. This is vital for maintaining the proper intracellular amino acid balance for protein synthesis and other metabolic processes. Additionally, amino acid transporters are highly selective, ensuring specific amino acids are transported according to cellular needs.
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