Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are polysaccharides that are essentially long chains of glucose molecules. Their insolubility in water can be attributed to their molecular structures. Starch and glycogen are structured in a way that allows them to be somewhat compact and dense, reducing their ability to interact well with water molecules. Cellulose, on the other hand, has a very rigid structure due to the β(1→4) glycosidic bonds between glucose monomers, which leads to the formation of linear chains capable of forming strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds with each other rather than with water. These strong interchain interactions in cellulose give it a high degree of stability and resistance to water solubility. In contrast, the branching of glycogen and the somewhat helical structure of starch make them less accessible to water molecules, contributing to their insolubility. Their molecular arrangements are optimized for their biological functions—energy storage in animals (glycogen) and plants (starch), and structural support in plants (cellulose)—rather than for solubility.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is not typically associated with marijuana use. However, it can be found in some vaping products, including those that contain cannabis oils. PEG is often used as a solvent or diluent in these products to thin out thick oils, making them suitable for vaporization. When heated, PEG can produce harmful byproducts, including formaldehyde, which is a known carcinogen. This poses significant health risks, particularly for users who vape frequently. It's crucial for consumers to be aware of the ingredients in their vaping products and opt for reputable brands that use safer alternatives. Always consult healthcare professionals if you have concerns about the potential impacts of vaping on your health.

The orange pigment often owes its color to the presence of certain conjugated double bonds in its chemical structure. When exposed to bromine (Br2), a reaction occurs where the bromine atoms add across these double bonds, effectively "saturating" them. This process, known as bromination, alters the electronic structure of the molecule, particularly the length and energy of the conjugated system. The size and energy of the conjugated system are directly related to the color we perceive; shorter conjugated systems absorb higher energy light, thereby reflecting wavelengths in the yellow part of the spectrum. Therefore, the bromination of an orange pigment leads to a shorter conjugated system that reflects light in a way that appears yellow to our eyes.