Ilmenite, composed of iron(II) titanium oxide (FeTiO3), is a valuable source of titanium dioxide (TiO2) widely used in pigment production. When ilmenite reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), the process is aimed at extracting TiO2 by breaking down the ilmenite structure. The reaction typically occurs at elevated temperatures, where sulfuric acid primarily attacks the iron and titanium in the ilmenite, leading to the formation of iron sulfate (FeSO4), titanium sulfate (TiOSO4), and water. The chemical equations can be simplified as FeTiO3 + n H2SO4 → FeSO4 + TiOSO4 + H2O (where 'n' represents the stoichiometric amount of sulfuric acid used based on the reaction conditions). Subsequent steps involve hydrolysis of titanium sulfate to yield hydrated titanium dioxide and sulfuric acid, which can be recycled. The process is significant in the pigment industry, providing a way to transform ilmenite into a more valuable and usable form of titanium.

Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are widely used in various products, especially sunscreens, due to their effectiveness in blocking harmful UV radiation. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers both compounds to be generally safe for use in over-the-counter sun-protection products. Zinc oxide is a mineral that provides broad-spectrum UV protection by reflecting sunlight, thus preventing it from penetrating the skin. Titanium dioxide also acts as a physical barrier against UV radiation but is less effective against long-wave UVA rays compared to zinc oxide. Despite their safety profile, some concerns have been raised about the potential for inhalation of these substances in powder or spray form, which could pose health risks. The FDA has suggested using creams or lotions as safer alternatives. Additionally, nano-sized particles of these substances have been developed for use in sunscreens, which some studies suggest could penetrate the skin and cause cellular damage. However, current research generally supports the safety of nano-sized versions when used in skin applications.

Hyundai vehicles are manufactured globally, with significant production facilities in South Korea, the United States, China, India, Brazil, Turkey, Czech Republic, and Russia. The company's largest factory is in Ulsan, South Korea, which is the world's largest automobile manufacturing site by volume, capable of producing over 1.6 million vehicles annually. In the United States, Hyundai operates a major manufacturing plant in Montgomery, Alabama, focusing on models like the Sonata and Elantra for the North American market. Similarly, other international plants cater to local and regional demands, ensuring Hyundai's global presence and market adaptability. This widespread manufacturing strategy helps Hyundai to efficiently meet the diverse needs of customers worldwide, reduce shipping costs, and mitigate the impact of international trade policies.