An amino acid, the building block of proteins, consists of four fundamental components: a central carbon atom (C), an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a distinctive side chain (R group) that determines its identity and properties. The central carbon, also known as the alpha (α) carbon, is covalently bonded to the amino group, carboxyl group, the hydrogen atom, and the unique R group. The diversity and nature of the R group among the 20 standard amino acids define their chemical behavior and role in proteins. These structural aspects enable amino acids to link together via peptide bonds, forming polypeptides or proteins, thereby playing a crucial role in various biological functions including enzyme catalysis, structural framework of cells, signaling pathways, and immune responses. Their actual function and position in protein structures are dictated by the sequence and the physical and chemical properties of the R groups, showcasing the incredible diversity and specificity of proteins in biology.

Polypropylene is a synthetic polymer, made through the polymerization of propylene gas—a byproduct of fossil fuel refining and natural gas processing. Developed in the mid-20th century, it has become one of the most versatile plastics, used in packaging, textiles, automotive components, and more, due to its resistance to heat, chemicals, and fatigue. Unlike natural polymers such as cellulose (found in plants) and silk (produced by insects), polypropylene does not occur naturally. It requires specific chemical processes to be produced, reflecting human ingenuity in material science to create materials with desired properties that are not found in nature.

Whether or not nurses need lab coats depends on their work setting and specific job duties. Historically, lab coats have been used by healthcare professionals to protect their clothing from spills and help maintain a sterile environment. In many hospital and clinical settings, nurses wear scrubs rather than lab coats, as scrubs are designed for comfort and functionality while providing easy identification and promoting hygiene. However, in some cases, especially in research, administrative positions, or when interacting in professional settings outside direct patient care, nurses might wear lab coats to signify their professional status and to carry equipment or personal items. The requirement for lab coats can also vary by institutional policy. Some facilities might require nurses to wear lab coats over their scrubs for additional protection or when performing certain procedures.