The caloric content of amino acids can vary, but generally, amino acids provide about 4 kcal per gram. This value is similar to other macronutrients like proteins and carbohydrates. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and when metabolized, they are used by the body either for protein synthesis or as a source of energy. The exact energy provided can depend on the specific amino acid and its pathway of metabolism in the body. For instance, some can be directly converted to glucose in a process called gluconeogenesis, whereas others might be involved in different metabolic pathways. Understanding the energy contribution of amino acids is crucial in fields such as nutrition, sports science, and dietetics, where precise calorie counting is often necessary.

Marshmallows typically contain sugar, water, and gelatin, which give them their soft, spongy texture. While the basic ingredients of marshmallows are devoid of dyes, colored marshmallows, such as those found in certain cereals or seasonal varieties, do contain food dyes to achieve their vibrant hues. These dyes are added for aesthetic purposes and are approved for consumption. However, the types and amounts of dyes used can vary by brand and region, with some companies opting for natural color sources like beet juice or annatto. Therefore, if you're concerned about synthetic dyes due to allergies or dietary preferences, it's important to read the ingredient label or seek out brands that specialize in natural or dye-free products.

The price of a polypropylene waterproof membrane can vary widely based on factors such as thickness, quality, brand, and the supplier's location. Typically, prices can range from $0.50 to $2.00 per square foot. More advanced, multi-layer membranes that offer superior waterproofing and durability may cost more. Additionally, prices could be higher for membranes with specific features like UV resistance or eco-friendly certifications. It's crucial to compare prices from different suppliers and consider the total cost, including installation. Reviews and product performance in similar conditions to your project can also guide your decision. Opting for a slightly more expensive membrane could be cost-effective in the long run if it offers better longevity and performance.