Q
how do graded-index multimode fibers reduce modal dispersion
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Graded-index multimode fibers reduce modal dispersion through their unique refractive index profile, which gradually changes from the core center to the cladding. Unlike step-index fibers that have a sharp refractive index difference, graded-index fibers create a parabolic index distribution. This design causes light rays traveling in different paths (modes) to have varying speeds. Rays near the core's edge, which would typically travel slower in step-index fibers due to longer paths, move faster in graded-index fibers because the lower refractive index at the edges reduces their optical density. Consequently, all rays tend to reach the output end at nearly the same time, significantly reducing modal dispersion. This reduction in modal dispersion allows for higher bandwidth and improved signal quality over longer distances compared to step-index multimode fibers.
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