Q
difference polyethylene polypropylene
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Answer:
Cellulose, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units, does not contain phosphorus in its structure. It serves as a primary structural component of plant cell walls, providing rigidity and strength to plants. Its molecular formula can be represented as (C6H10O5)n, highlighting the absence of phosphorus. The presence of phosphorus is more characteristic of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, and certain lipids, which play different roles in the biological systems of living organisms. Phosphorus-containing compounds are crucial for energy transfer (ATP, for example) and structural functions in different biological molecules, but cellulose's role is primarily structural in the plant kingdom, focusing on providing support rather than participating in energy transfer or storing genetic information.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is made through a polymerization process of vinyl chloride monomers (VCM). The production starts with ethylene and chlorine, which combine to create ethylene dichloride (EDC). EDC is then thermally cracked at high temperatures to form VCM.
Once VCM is purified, it undergoes polymerization, often initiated by free radicals, to form PVC. This can be done using different methods, such as suspension, emulsion, or bulk polymerization, depending on the desired properties of the PVC. The polymerization process is carefully controlled to obtain PVC with the targeted molecular weight and structure.
Following polymerization, the PVC is separated, washed, and dried to yield the final product, which can then be compounded with additives to enhance its properties for various applications, from construction materials to everyday goods.
The most expensive yarn in the world is often considered to be Vicuña yarn. Vicuñas are rare South American animals, relatives of the llama and alpaca, found in the high Andes of Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile. Their wool is extremely fine and soft, measuring about 12 micrometers in diameter, making it the finest and most luxurious natural fiber in the world. The harvesting process of Vicuña wool is meticulous and sustainable, involving the traditional Chaccu method of rounding up the wild vicuñas for shearing and then releasing them back into the wild. Due to their scarcity and the labor-intensive process to collect and prepare their wool, Vicuña yarn commands extremely high prices, often reaching thousands of dollars per pound.
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