In Mexico, a widely recognized brand of epoxy glue is "Pegamento Epóxico" from the Hércules brand, known for its strong adhesive properties ideal for a variety of materials including metals, ceramics, glass, and some plastics. Another popular brand is Araldit, known for its durability and effectiveness in bonding. Additionally, Loctite also offers a range of epoxy adhesives available in Mexico, which are highly regarded for their quality and reliability. These brands offer both quick-setting and long-setting times to suit different project needs, making them versatile options for both professional and DIY applications.

Phosphorylation of amino acids typically occurs on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues within proteins and is a key post-translational modification controlling many cellular processes. In vitro, this modification can be achieved using kinases - enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from ATP to the amino acid. The process involves preparing a reaction mixture containing the substrate (peptide or protein with the target amino acid), ATP, the kinase specific to the target residue, and the appropriate reaction buffer (often containing Mg2+ or Mn2+ as cofactors). The reaction is incubated at a temperature conducive to the enzyme's activity (usually 30°C to 37°C) for a specified time. Following incubation, the reaction can be stopped by adding EDTA (which chelates divalent cations and inhibits the kinase), and the phosphorylated product is often analyzed by mass spectrometry or western blot using phospho-specific antibodies. This precise control provides insights into the functional role of phosphorylated residues in proteins.

A single amino acid is not considered a protein. Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of long chains of amino acids, which are its building blocks. The structure, function, and properties of a protein are determined by the specific sequence and arrangement of these amino acids. A single amino acid can be viewed as a monomer that, when linked with others through peptide bonds, forms polypeptides, which can then fold into functional proteins. Therefore, while amino acids are essential components of proteins, a protein must consist of one or more polypeptide chains to be classified as such, typically requiring 50 or more amino acids.