Polypropylene, a versatile plastic, is synthesized from propylene gas—a byproduct of both petroleum refining and natural gas processing. Through a polymerization process, where monomers (propylene) are joined to form long polymer chains, polypropylene is created. This polymerization can be achieved through various methods, but the most common one involves using a catalyst system to initiate the reaction. The resulting material boasts a unique blend of properties like toughness, resistance to fatigue, insulation against electricity, and a high resistance to chemicals, acids, and solvents. Polypropylene's adaptability makes it popular across a wide range of applications, from packaging, textiles, and automotive components, to reusable containers, laboratory equipment, and medical devices. Its capacity to be both lightweight and durable also contributes to its widespread use in industries seeking to reduce weight without compromising on performance.

Both proteins and amino acids play crucial roles in biological systems. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which means every protein is composed of a chain of amino acids linked together. This direct relationship highlights their fundamental similarity. Furthermore, both proteins and amino acids contain the same core elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. They also share similar functional groups such as amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups. However, the primary structure of a protein, which is its sequence of amino acids, can vary greatly, leading to different protein structures and functions. In essence, the properties and behaviors of proteins are highly dependent on the characteristics of their constituent amino acids.

Resin crystals, often called epoxy resin crystals, are a form of synthetic crystalline structures created when liquid epoxy resin is mixed with a hardening agent and then allowed to cure in molds or forms. This process results in clear or colored solid shapes that replicate the appearance of natural crystals or gemstones. Resin crystals are popular in jewelry making, art, and DIY crafts due to their versatility and the ease with which they can be shaped and colored. They offer an excellent medium for encapsulating objects or creating custom shapes for decorative purposes. Despite their name, they are not true geological crystals but rather man-made imitations that provide a durable and often more accessible alternative for various creative projects.