Titanium dioxide is a white pigment widely used in a variety of applications due to its UV resistant and refractive properties. It's found in paint, sunscreens, and cosmetics to provide opacity and protection from the sun. Additionally, it's used in food industry as a coloring agent, and in the production of paper and plastics to increase their opacity and brightness. In the pharmaceutical industry, it's often used in tablets and capsules coatings. Environmental applications also exist such as photocatalysis, where titanium dioxide is used to break down pollutants.

The thickest yarn varies by brand and type, but generally, "jumbo" yarn refers to the thickest category recognized in yarn standards, with a scale that includes categories such as lace, fingering, sport, worsted, bulky, and super bulky, leading up to jumbo. Jumbo yarns are ideal for quick projects and create a bold, chunky look in knitted or crocheted items. They are often used with large needles or hooks (15 mm and above) and are popular in arm knitting. Among the thickest available are roving yarns, which are lightly spun or even unspun fibers, and can be up to 2 inches in diameter or even thicker when custom made or hand-spun. Wool is a common material for these ultra-thick yarns, offering warmth and a plush texture, though acrylic and other fibers are also used for varying textures and care requirements. Jumbo yarns provide a unique tactile experience and dramatic visual impact, making them favored for statement home decor items like chunky blankets, oversized scarves, and hats.

Once PVC cement (also known as PVC solvent) is applied and set, it effectively melds the surfaces of the PVC materials together, making it very difficult to separate them without causing damage. The PVC cement works by chemically softening the plastic, allowing the pieces to fuse as the solvent evaporates. Undoing this bond is near impossible since it's not glued but rather welded together on a molecular level. If you've made a mistake or need to change a configuration, the most straightforward solution is to cut the unwanted section out and replace it with new fittings and pipe. You can use a PVC cutter or a hacksaw for this. Always ensure proper safety measures, like wearing gloves and eye protection, when cutting PVC. For future projects, dry fitting components before applying cement can help prevent mistakes.