Pilling in yarn refers to the formation of small, fuzzy balls on the surface of a fabric, resulting from friction during use or washing. This happens when fibers in the yarn break, tangle, and form these bobbles, affecting the appearance and feel of the fabric. While some yarns, especially those made from short fibers like cotton or synthetic materials, are more prone to pilling, tightly spun yarns or those made from long fibers, like merino wool, tend to resist pilling better. To minimize pilling, choosing the right yarn type for your project is crucial, as is proper garment care, including gentle washing and avoiding excessive friction. Treatments and tools like fabric shavers can also be used to remove pills and restore the fabric's surface.

The cure time for PVC pipe cement varies depending on factors such as the brand of cement used, the size of the pipe, the temperature, and the humidity. Typically, it sets enough to handle within 15 minutes and achieves a good initial bond in about 2 hours. However, for full strength, it is often recommended to allow 24 hours, especially for pressure systems. In colder or more humid conditions, longer curing times may be necessary. To ensure a strong, leak-proof connection, always follow the cure time instructions specified on the cement product you're using.

Titanium dioxide. a compound with three distinct crystal forms found in nature. includes rutile. anatase. and plagioclase. Rutile is the most prevalent and stable form with a square crystal structure featuring titanium atoms at the corners. Its widespread use can be attributed to its high refractive index. hardness. and brightness. Meanwhile. anatase shares a square crystal system with rutile but has less compactly arranged titanium atoms. Its white color and optical properties make it ideal for applications in photocatalysis and as a pigment in paints. The least common and least stable form of titanium dioxide is plate titanite. Its rhombohedral crystal structure has titanium atoms situated in irregular positions. The difficulty of synthesizing and converting it to other phases at high temperatures limits its industrial usage.