Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is a type of plastic widely used in construction, healthcare, and everyday goods due to its durability and versatility. While PVC is technically recyclable, the process is complex and less common compared to other plastics like PET or HDPE. The difficulty lies in the variety of additives mixed with PVC, such as plasticizers for flexibility or heat stabilizers, which can make recycling challenging and costly. Specialized facilities are required to separate and process PVC safely, ensuring harmful chemicals are not released. Despite these challenges, efforts are made to increase PVC recycling through mechanical recycling, where it's broken down into small pellets to be reused, and chemical recycling, aiming to break down the PVC polymer into its basic molecules. Encouragingly, industry initiatives like VinylPlus in Europe aim to enhance PVC recycling rates. However, improved sorting technologies, greater market demand for recycled PVC, and more sustainable additives are critical to making PVC recycling more widespread and efficient.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as an inactive ingredient. It primarily serves as a pigment to provide whiteness and opacity to products like tablets and capsules, improving their appearance and aiding in brand identification. Aside from aesthetic use, it helps in protecting light-sensitive active ingredients from degradation. However, concerns over its safety have emerged, leading the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to declare it a potential risk when ingested in large amounts, prompting the need for further research and possible reevaluation of its use in consumables, including drugs. Despite this, it remains approved by the FDA for use in food, drugs, and cosmetics, under specified conditions. Alternatives are being explored, but titanium dioxide's combination of coloring ability and stability makes it unique.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is primarily used in the pharmaceutical industry as a pigment in the coating of tablets and capsules to provide whiteness and opacity. It helps improve the appearance of the medication and makes it more acceptable and identifiable to patients. However, its use in drug formulations has been a subject of scrutiny and debate due to concerns about its safety when ingested. Studies have raised questions about the potential for TiO2 particles to induce inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Despite these concerns, regulatory bodies in many countries, including the U.S. FDA, have deemed titanium dioxide safe for use in food and pharmaceutical products when used in accordance with specified guidelines. Nonetheless, the ongoing research and dialogue within the scientific community continue to assess its long-term health impacts.

It is used as tablet packaging for medications to make them easier to swallow and aesthetically pleasing. As a result of its physical properties. it is also used in topical medications such as sunscreen that reflect ultraviolet light. However. it has no medicinal purpose.

The flammability of ink largely depends on its composition. Traditional inks, made from natural pigments and water, are not particularly flammable. However, many modern inks contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) due to the solvents used in their formulation, making them highly flammable. For example, printer and marker inks often contain alcohol or other solvents that can ignite under certain conditions. It's important to handle and store ink with care, especially in environments where there is potential for exposure to heat or open flames. Always refer to the manufacturer's safety data sheets (SDS) for specific flammability information and guidelines.