Cloudiness in epoxy can occur for several reasons, including moisture contamination, improper mixing, or use of epoxy at incorrect temperatures. Moisture can be introduced from the environment or the surfaces being bonded. When mixed, epoxy components must be thoroughly combined in the correct ratio to ensure a clear cure; inadequate mixing can lead to an uneven reaction, causing cloudiness. Additionally, curing epoxy in temperatures too low or too high compared to the manufacturer's recommendations can affect its clarity, as it affects the chemical reaction process. To avoid this issue, ensure surfaces are dry, mix the components properly, and work in a controlled environment.

The first polymer-framed pistol is often credited to Gaston Glock, an Austrian engineer and founder of Glock Ges.m.b.H. In 1982, Glock introduced the Glock 17, revolutionizing the firearm industry. Despite lacking a background in firearm design, Glock's expertise in synthetic polymers enabled him to create a reliable, lightweight, and durable pistol. This innovation not only reduced metal use but also pioneered a new era in firearms design, influencing countless manufacturers worldwide. The Glock's success stems from its simplicity, reliability, and the company's ability to meet the Austrian military's needs for a new sidearm. Today, polymer-framed pistols are standard across law enforcement, military, and civilian markets, owing much to Glock's pioneering design.

Titanium dioxide TiO2 is a compound composed of one titanium atom and two oxygen atoms. arranged in a crystalline structure. Two main forms of this compound. rutile and anatase structures. are widely used in industrial applications. The rutile structure consists of each titanium atom surrounded by six oxygen atoms in an octahedral shape. In turn. each oxygen atom bonds with two or three titanium atoms. resulting in a strong network that contributes to the crystal's characteristic hardness. On the other hand. the anatase structure has a slightly different arrangement. with four oxygen atoms surrounding each titanium atom at the center. This molecular structure originates from the bonding between its atoms: two double bonds between titanium and oxygen create a linear molecule. These bonds are strengthened by the sharing of electrons from both elements- two 3d electrons and three 4s electrons from titanium. as well as eight electrons forming octets around each oxygen atom. Additionally. four more electrons are involved in non-bonding pairs for further stability. Such chemical bonds make TiO2 highly resilient to various environmental factors; thus it is commonly used as a white pigment due to its resistance to color change and desirable optical properties. However. its energy band gap also