Cellulose is a structural component found mainly in plants' cell walls, crucial for providing strength and rignidity. Generally, trees yield a large amount of cellulose due to their significant mass and extensive growth periods. Among trees, cotton fibers are specifically recognized for their high cellulose content, sometimes up to 90%. However, non-woody plants like hemp and flax also produce high cellulose yields, offering a more sustainable and faster-growing alternative to traditional tree sources. The efficiency in cellulose production also depends on the processing technique employed, where advanced methods can extract higher purity cellulose from the same amount of biomass. Considering sustainability and growth speed, crops like hemp might yield more usable cellulose per annum than slower-growing trees, despite the latter's larger individual biomass yield.

Polypropylene (PP) is a highly popular plastic used globally for various applications due to its durability, resistance to chemicals, and versatility. Under typical environmental conditions, polypropylene's degradation time is substantial, spanning over several decades. It's estimated that polypropylene can take anywhere from 20 to 30 years to decompose in a landfill setting. However, this duration can significantly fluctuate based on factors like exposure to sunlight, the presence of microorganisms, and physical stress, as these elements can accelerate degradation. The slow degradation rate of polypropylene raises environmental concerns, leading to increasing emphasis on recycling and seeking biodegradable alternatives to mitigate its long-term impact on the ecosystem. Addressing the challenge of polypropylene waste requires a multifaceted approach, encompassing improvements in recycling technologies, the development of biodegradable polymers, and fostering consumer behavior that prioritizes sustainability.

PVC stands for Polyvinyl Chloride, a synthetic plastic polymer widely used in construction due to its durability, affordability, and ease of use. It is available in rigid (uPVC) and flexible forms, making it versatile for applications like pipes, windows, cable insulation, and medical devices. Its chlorine content gives it excellent fire resistance, but its production and disposal pose environmental concerns due to the release of toxic chemicals. Despite this, PVC's benefits have made it a popular choice in various industries, leading to ongoing research for more sustainable alternatives.