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Q
why is fiber beneficial
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Lipids are not typically referred to as polymers in the traditional sense, like proteins, nucleic acids, or polysaccharides. However, they can form complex structures through the assembly of smaller molecules. Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic biomolecules that include fats, oils, waxes, certain vitamins (such as A, D, E, and K), hormones, and steroids. They are primarily composed of fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids, the building blocks of lipids, can be considered monomers that join together to form larger lipid molecules. These fatty acids can vary in length and saturation, contributing to the diversity of lipids. In some cases, lipids can form large assemblies, such as phospholipid bilayers, which are the fundamental components of cell membranes. These bilayers are not polymers but are aggregates of amphipathic molecules that self-assemble in aqueous environments.
The process of turning fiber into yarn and then fabric is a fundamental aspect of textile production. Initially, fibers, which can be natural (like cotton or wool) or synthetic (such as polyester or nylon), are harvested or produced. These fibers are then cleaned and prepared through carding, a process that disentangles and aligns them. Following carding, the fibers undergo spinning, where they are twisted together to create yarn. The strength, texture, and thickness of the yarn are determined by how tightly it is spun. Lastly, the yarn is woven or knitted into fabric. Weaving involves interlacing yarns at right angles, while knitting entails looping the yarns together. Each method gives the fabric different properties and uses, influencing factors like durability, stretchability, and texture. This progression from fiber to fabric is crucial for creating a wide range of textile products, from clothing to household items.
Oxygen plasma treatment is a surface modification technique applied to materials like polypropylene to enhance their surface properties. Polypropylene, a commonly used polymer, has a hydrophobic surface which limits its applications that require adhesion or compatibility with other materials. The oxygen plasma treatment introduces oxygen-containing functionalities onto the surface, thereby increasing its surface energy and making it more hydrophilic. This treatment can significantly improve the adhesion properties of polypropylene for coatings, paints, and adhesives, and also enhance its biocompatibility for medical applications. The process involves exposing the polypropylene to a glow discharge plasma created from oxygen gas under low pressure. The energetic oxygen species from the plasma effectively break the molecular bonds on the polypropylene surface, incorporating oxygen groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. This technique offers a controlled and environmentally friendly way to modify the surface properties of polypropylene without affecting its bulk properties.
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