To dye a comforter using a washing machine, first prepare by washing the comforter to remove any dirt or oils. Ensure the comforter is compatible with the dye you've chosen; natural fibers like cotton work best. Select a dye suitable for your fabric type. Dissolve the dye in hot water as per the instructions. Pre-soak the comforter in warm water and soda ash solution if necessary, which helps the dye bond better. Drain the comforter but keep it damp. Place the comforter in the washing machine along with the dissolved dye and add salt (for fiber reactive dyes) or vinegar (for acid dyes). Run the machine on a gentle cycle with warm water. After dyeing, rinse the comforter until the water runs clear, then wash it again with a mild detergent to set the color. Dry the comforter as usual. This method can give your comforter a new lease of life and transform its look.

Cellulose and starch are both polysaccharides found in plant cells but differ significantly in their structure and functionality. The primary structural difference lies in the arrangement of glucose units. Cellulose is composed of β-glucose units linked by β(1→4) glycosidic bonds, forming a straight, unbranched chain. This bond causes the cellulose chains to pack closely together, forming rigid, insoluble fibers that provide structural support in plant cell walls. In contrast, starch is made up of α-glucose units. It comes in two forms: amylose, which is a linear polymer connected by α(1→4) glycosidic bonds, and amylopectin, which is branched, containing both α(1→4) and α(1→6) glycosidic bonds. This structure makes starch more compact and soluble, serving as the primary energy storage compound in plants. The differing linkages in cellulose and starch not only influence their physical and chemical properties but also the way they are digested by organisms, with humans able to easily digest starch but not cellulose due to the lack of necessary enzymes to break down β(1→4) bonds.

Muriatic acid, also known as hydrochloric acid, can, in theory, be safe for PVC pipes if used correctly. PVC is resistant to corrosion, which means muriatic acid should not damage it when used in appropriate concentrations and for short duration exposure. This characteristic makes PVC a common choice for plumbing materials in various applications. However, caution is advised. Using muriatic acid in higher concentrations or for extended periods can cause damage not only to PVC pipes but also to surrounding materials and potentially pose health risks due to toxic fumes. Therefore, it's crucial to follow safety guidelines and manufacturer recommendations when using muriatic acid for cleaning or other purposes in PVC pipes.