The comparison between titanium dioxide and zinc oxide often comes down to personal preference and the specific use. Both titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are approved by the FDA for use in sunscreens, providing broad-spectrum UVA and UVB protection. They are also both hypoallergenic and non-comedogenic, making them suitable for sensitive skin. However, some argue that zinc oxide is better for those with extra sensitive or reactive skin as it tends to be slightly gentler. In terms of environment, zinc oxide is considerably safer for marine life than titanium dioxide.

In 1791. Rev. William Gregor made the initial discovery of titanium in a mineral known as manachite now called ilmenite in Cornwall. Being an amateur mineralogist. Gregor recognized that the mineral contained new elements and successfully extracted calcite or oxide from it. referring to it as soil lead ore. Around the same time. in 1795. German scientist Martin Heinrich Klaproth also came across titanium independently while studying the mineral rutile. Unaware that he had stumbled upon a previously discovered element. Klaproth named it after the Titan in Greek mythology. It was later established that both Gregor and Klaproth had identified the same element. with Gregor being credited as the original discoverer. However. the element is still commonly referred to by Klaproth's chosen name. Almost a century later. in 1910. Matthew A. Hunter of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute managed to produce pure metallic titanium 99.9% using his method of heating sodium to 700-800CC with TiCl4. Despite this breakthrough. titanium did not become commercially available until the 1950s.

PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) damage can occur due to chemical exposure, UV radiation, mechanical stress, or temperature extremes. Chemical reactions can occur when PVC comes into contact with certain solvents, oils, or acids, leading to softening or discoloration. UV radiation from sunlight can cause PVC to become brittle over time, reducing its flexibility and causing cracks. Mechanical stresses, such as bending or crushing, can physically damage PVC, affecting its integrity. Temperature extremes can also impact PVC; high temperatures can cause softening and deformation, while very low temperatures can make it more brittle. To mitigate PVC damage, it is important to understand the specific environmental conditions and stresses the material will face and select a type of PVC formulated to withstand those conditions. Additionally, protective coatings or coverings can be used to shield PVC from harmful UV rays or chemicals.