Oatey PVC glue, known for its strong bonding properties, often stipulates a set drying time to achieve optimal adhesion. The initial set time can range from 15 minutes for smaller diameter pipes (up to 3 inches) to 2 hours for larger fittings. However, for full cure and maximum strength, a 24-hour period is generally recommended, especially under pressure situations or varying temperature conditions. Factors such as humidity, temperature, and the size of the PVC being bonded will influence the drying time. In colder environments, the curing process may be slowed, requiring additional time before the joint is subjected to pressure. Always refer to the specific product instructions for the best results, and ensure proper ventilation during application.

Removing a broken PVC pipe requires precise and careful handling to avoid further damage to the plumbing system. First, turn off the water supply to prevent any leaks during the removal process. If the broken piece is large and accessible, you might be able to use a hacksaw or a PVC pipe cutter to carefully cut on each side of the break, and then remove the section. For a piece stuck inside a fitting, consider using a pipe extraction tool, which grips the inside of the pipe, allowing you to twist and pull it out. If the broken piece is too close to other pipes or fittings and hard to reach, you may use a heated soldering iron or a blow dryer to gently heat around the broken PVC, making it slightly pliable for easier extraction using needle-nose pliers or a pipe extractor. Always wear protective gloves and goggles to safeguard against sharp edges and hot materials. If the task seems too challenging or risky, consulting a professional plumber is advisable to avoid potential complications.

On the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. zircon has a hardness of 7.5 out of 10. while spinel has a hardness of 8. However. zircon exhibits higher luster and color dispersion than spinel.