Making quilting frames from PVC is an affordable and customizable option for enthusiasts. Start by deciding the dimensions of your frame, which typically could be 3x3 ft for a manageable size. You'll need PVC pipes (1.5-inch diameter is sturdy and common), four PVC elbows, and four T-joints for basic frame construction. Cut the PVC pipes to your desired length using a PVC cutter or saw for the frame's sides and four legs. Assemble the frame by connecting the pipes with the elbows to create a square or rectangle, and use T-joints at each corner to attach the legs, ensuring it stands firm. The beauty of PVC frames is their modifiability; you can adjust the size or disassemble them for storage. For the quilting surface, stretch and secure the quilt fabric over the frame, using clamps or sewing the fabric onto the PVC for a taut workspace that facilitates easier stitching.

The cost of injection molded zirconia varies widely depending on several factors such as the complexity of the part being made, the grade of zirconia used, the scale of production, and the finishing requirements. Typically, zirconia materials themselves are more costly than other ceramics, due to their superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility, making them popular in demanding applications like medical implants and high-wear industrial parts. For small production runs or complex parts, prices can range significantly, often starting from a few hundred dollars per part and can go much higher based on specifics. Bulk orders may reduce the cost per part, benefiting from economies of scale. It's important to consult with manufacturers for exact quotes, as prices can be heavily influenced by design intricacies and the current market for raw zirconia.

Ti-6Al-4V. also known as grade 5 titanium. has a tensile strength of 11.700 MPa.