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The price of iron oxide can vary widely depending on its form (e.g., powder, pigment), purity, and application. As of my last update in 2023, bulk purchases of iron oxide pigments used in construction or industrial applications can range from $0.50 to $2.00 per pound. However, specialized forms of iron oxide, like synthetic types used in high-grade paints or cosmetics, may fetch higher prices, possibly exceeding $5 per pound. Factors such as global supply and demand, freight costs, and quality standards also significantly impact prices. It's essential to specify the intended use and required purity level to get an accurate price. Additionally, purchasing directly from manufacturers or in bulk can reduce costs.
Ticl4, or titanium(IV) chloride, appears colorless due to its electronic structure and the nature of its chemical bonding. In a colorless compound, the energy difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is too large for visible light to bridge. This means that no visible light is absorbed, and thus, none is reflected as color. In Ticl4, the titanium atom is surrounded by four chlorine atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. The d-orbitals of titanium are involved in bonding with chlorine, but the transitions between these orbitals require energies that fall outside the visible spectrum. Consequently, Ticl4 does not absorb visible light and appears colorless. It's worth noting that while colorless, Ticl4 fumes can form a purple haze due to the formation of other titanium complexes. However, in its pure liquid or solid state, the compound remains colorless.
Film coating in pills refers to a thin layer of a polymer-based formulation applied onto a tablet or granule. This coating serves several purposes: it can mask unpleasant tastes or odors, protect the drug substance from air or moisture, enhance the appearance, and even aid in the identification of the medication. Additionally, film coatings can be engineered to control the rate and place of drug release, improving the medication's efficacy and patient compliance. The process involves spraying a solution of the polymer onto the tablets as they are mixed in a coating pan or drum. The selection of the polymer, solvent, and plasticizer depends on the desired properties of the coated tablet, such as flexibility, durability, and dissolve rate.
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